Pediatric Neurology & Pediatric Surgery

Unlike adult patients, in pediatric age this is the most difficult task involved in effectively treating pain and often this symptom is either undertreated or untreated. In children, the selection of appropriate pain assessment tools should take into account the age, cognitive level and presence of possible disability, the type of pain and the situation in which it occurs. . A better understanding of the developmental neurobiology and pharmacokinetics of pediatric analgesics should facilitate better management of childhood pain.Multidisciplinary program

Behavioral problems are the most common reasons parents need to take their children for mental health assessments and treatment. Behavioral disorders are also common in adults. Unlike other types of health problems, a behavioral disorder will have mostly emotional symptoms, with no physical symptoms like fever, rash, or headache. However, in general, people with an activity disorder may develop a drawback of abuse which may present with physical symptoms such as burnt fingers, bloodshot eyes.

Developmental disorders include a collection of psychiatric disorders originating in childhood that involve severe impairment in many areas. These behavioral problems will put life-threatening stress on children, parents and families and will be significant barriers to participation in social and community activities.

Neuro-ophthalmology is a specialty that focuses on neurological problems related to the eye. As we all tend to apprehend, the human eye picks up the visuals it sees and transmits to the brain for resolution as images. Several parts of the brain are involved in the precise control of eye movements. Difficulty in these areas often produces eye misalignment with resulting double vision.

Current evidence indicates that inveterately disturbed sleep in children and adolescents will lead to problems with psychological functioning. Behavioral Interventions for Pediatric Sleep Problems. Children who have trouble sleeping can usually have symptoms (inattention, overactivity, restlessness) similar to ADHD.

Pediatric nursing is the medical care of newborns and children through adolescence, usually in a hospital or day clinic. The pediatric nursing and neuro-critical care program could be a multidimensional effort to improve the neurological outcomes of children with vital illnesses, which includes care, research, education and advocacy. Pediatric care under the program is a multidisciplinary effort by various faculty and staff in critical care medicine, neurological surgery, neurology, trauma surgery, physical medicine, and rehabilitation, nursing, respiratory therapy and various departments.

Pediatric psychology encompasses a wide variety of fields. These areas include developmental, contextual, and psychosocial factors that may contribute to pediatric psychological and physical problems. It further includes the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric medical conditions, prevention of pediatric medical conditions (physical and psychological), education of the general population on pediatric health, promotion of health-related behaviors. , promotion of child and family public policies and improvement of pediatric health care delivery services.

Brain disorders usually cause psychiatric symptoms. Almost any brain disorder can cause psychiatric symptoms.

Movement disorders can result from many varieties of brain damage, such as head trauma, infection, inflammation, metabolic disorders, toxins, or unintended side effects of drugs. They will even be proof of different underlying diseases or conditions, as well as genetic disorders..

It is believed that affected brain structures include the basal ganglia, motor parts of the cortex, thalamus, cerebellum, and / or brainstem. It is believed that all of these structures act together in a network, so a single injury can be enough to cause a movement disorder..

Children differ from adults in several aspects of drug therapy, as well as drug delivery abilities, drug toxicity, and taste preferences. It is essential that pediatric medicines are developed to better meet the child's age, size, physiological condition and treatment needs. To ensure adequate treatment of all children completely different routes of administration, dosage forms and strengths may be required. Clinicians need evidence-based, population-specific clinical tools to produce safe and effective drug therapy support for neonatal and pediatric patients. These clinical tools should be up-to-date, evidence-based drug dosage information, as well as features that provide warnings for dosage values ​​entered inappropriately.

Neurochemistry is the specific study of neurochemicals, including neurotransmitters and other molecules (such as psychopharmaceuticals) that influence the function of neurons. This field takes a close look at how these neurochemicals influence the neural functioning network. It is believed that variations in brain chemistry can explain a variety of behavioral disorders and phenomena. Some chemical compounds seem to have long term effects. Nicotine, for example, is heavily involved in the neurotransmitter dopamine. These external influences on brain chemistry can cause behavioral changes or alterations in brain function.

Neuroscience is the study of how the nervous system develops, how it is structured, and what it does. Neuroscientists focus on the brain and its impact on behavior and cognitive functions. Neuroscience is not only about the normal functioning of the nervous system, but also what happens to the nervous system when people suffer from neurological, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Researchers and physicians use a wide variety of diagnostic imaging techniques and chemical and metabolic analyzes to detect and treat neurological diseases. Some procedures are performed in specialized settings, conducted to see the presence of a particular disorder or abnormality. Several tests that were previously performed in a hospital are now performed in a doctor's office or outpatient testing center, with little or no risk to the patient.

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, including tumors of the brain and spinal cord, are the most common solid tumors in pediatrics. These tumors are heterogeneous, there are different types of tumors and different biological behaviors. Pediatric CNS tumors differ from adult CNS tumors in histology, biology, pathophysiology and location. The overall survival of children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors has gradually improved and 5-year survival is currently approaching 70%.

Neuromuscular diseases affect the lower motor neurons of the nervous system, which can include muscles, nerves, or the junction between muscles and nerves (called the neuromuscular junction). There are many types of pediatric neuromuscular disease. These can include hereditary neuropathies, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), and muscular dystrophies such as Duchenne, congenital myasthenic syndromes, and congenital myopathies.

Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the body's immune system attacks healthy tissue. These disorders can affect many different parts of the body. Autoimmune disorders that affect their central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). These disorders can affect a child's ability to eat, walk, speak, think or move normally.

Neuroimaging refers to techniques that produce images of the brain without requiring surgery, skin incision, or direct contact with the inside of the body. Because these technologies enable non-invasive visualization of the structure and functionality of the brain, neuroimaging has become a powerful tool for medical research and diagnosis. Common methods include positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) and near infrared spectroscopic imaging (NIRSI). PET, fMRI, and NIRSI can measure localized changes in cerebral blood flow related to neural activity.

The metabolism of the drug in children may differ from that in adults and adverse events may occur which are not foreseeable from experience in adults. Clinical safety and efficacy trials are needed for both new treatments and those that may already be used but have not been tested in infants and children.

Surgery is one of the parts of medicine that manages the prescription of diseases and different problems by instrumental and manual methods. Surgery incorporates the administration of wounds and intense ailments isolated from incessant infections, gradually propulsive, alongside cases where patients with the latter type of disease must be treated. There are many motivations for having surgery. A few tasks can alleviate or counteract the agony. Others may lessen the indication of a problem or improve certain bodily jobs. A few surgeries are done to find a problem. The different types of surgery are; general medical procedure, plastic medical procedure, orthopedic medical procedure, obstetrics and gynecology, neurosurgery, thoracic medical procedure, colon and rectal medical procedure.